Smart data management with BIM for Architectural Heritage

In the last years smart buildings topic has received much attention as well as Building Information Modelling (BIM) and interoperability as independent fields. Linking these topics is an essential research target to help designers and stakeholders to run processes more efficiently. Working on a smart building requires the use of Innovation and Communication Technology (ICT) to optimize design, construction and management. In these terms, several technologies such as sensors for remote monitoring and control, building equipment, management software, etc. are available in the market. As BIM provides an enormous amount of information in its database and theoretically it is able to work with all kind of data sources using interoperability, it is essential to define standards for both data contents and format exchange. In this way, a possibility to align research activity with Horizon 2020 is the investigation of energy saving using ICT. Unfortunately, comparing the Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry with other sectors it is clear how in the building field advanced information technology applications have not been adopted yet. However in the last years, the adoption of new methods for the data management has been investigated by many researchers. So, basing on the above considerations, the main purpose of this thesis is investigate the use of BIM methodology relating to existing buildings concerning on three main topics: • Smart data management for architectural heritage preservation; • District data management for energy reduction; • The maintenance of highrises. For these reasons, data management acquires a very important value relating to the optimization of the building process and it is considered the most important goal for this research. Taking into account different kinds of architectural heritage, the attention is focused on the existing and historical buildings that usually have characterized by several constraints. Starting from data collection, a BIM model was developed and customized in function of its objectives, and providing information for different simulation tests. Finally, data visualization was investigated through the Virtual Reality(VR) and Augmented Reality (AR). Certainly, the creation of a 3D parametric model implies that data is organized according to the use of individual users that are involved in the building process. This means that each 3D model can be developed with different Levels of Detail/Development (LODs) basing on the goal of the data source. Along this thesis the importance of LODs is taken into account related to the kind of information filled in a BIM model. In fact, basing on the objectives of each project a BIM model can be developed in a different way to facilitate the querying data for the simulations tests.\ud The three topics were compared considering each step of the building process workflow, highlighting the main differences, evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of BIM methodology. In these terms, the importance to set a BIM template before the modelling step was pointed out, because it provides the possibility to manage information in order to be collected and extracted for different purposes and by specific users. Moreover, basing on the results obtained in terms of the 3D parametric model and in terms of process, a proper BIM maturity level was determined for each topic. Finally, the value of interoperability was arisen from these tests considering that it provided the opportunity to develop a framework for collaboration, involving all parties of the building industry

Strumenti digitali per il mondo delle costruzioni

La digitalizzazione nel settore delle costruzioni sta offrendo opportunità significative per l’intera filiera delle costruzioni, migliorando le pratiche esistenti, integrando tecnologie e strumenti dirompenti che possono portare a nuovi processi, modelli di business, materiali e soluzioni, con significative potenzialità anche per la gestione del patrimonio architettonico e per le sfide rappresentate dagli obiettivi di riqualificazione del patrimonio esistente. La corretta combinazione di Digitization, Digitalization e Digital trasformation offre l’opportunità di raccogliere le sfide di quest’epoca definendo nuovi metodi e strumenti di lavoro per innovare l’industria delle costruzioni. La digitalizzazione del settore delle costruzioni si concentra su una serie di tematiche legate a tre categorie principali: i) tecnologie di acquisizione dei dati (e.g. sensori); ii) processi di automazione (e.g. robotica); informazioni e analisi digitali (e.g. Building Information Modelling - BIM) per la rappresentazione grafica

Pressure Driven Desalination Membranes: Lyotropic Liquid Crystals Containing Single Walled Carbon

This project presents a potential alternative desalination technique that utilizes the ion rejection properties of single walled carbon nanotubes dispersed in a lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) matrix. Previous research has pointed to the polymerizable surfactant methacryloxy ethyl hexadecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (C16MA) having capabilities of filtering molecular components smaller than a nanometer, when oriented in cylindrical micelles. SWCNTs were dispersed in deionized water by probe sonication and addition of surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) due to SWCNTs’ hydrophobic properties. Membranes were produced containing 55wt% C16MA, 37wt% DI water, 0.1wt% with respect to the monomer (WRM) SWCNTs, 1.9 wt% WRM 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (photointiator), 3 wt% WRM CTAB, 3.8 wt% WRM N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (water soluble crosslinker), and 5.3wt% WRM tetraethylene glycol diacrylate (water insoluble crosslinker). The resulting photopolymerizable gel was pressed between two glass slides onto a polyethersulfone membrane to produce a defect free membrane. When UV-polymerized, the crosslinked surfactant forms an LLC which theoretically contains SCWNTs in highly ordered interstitial sites. Pressure driven filtration of tap water through the membranes was conducted. Flux rates were compared between samples with SWCNTs, without SWCNTs, and a polyethersulfone membrane. The SWCNT membrane demonstrated no defects when undergoing filtration. Further investigation of the membranes produced through the gel press method must be conducted to confirm the efficacy of desalination with these membranes

Digital Twin for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: a system for patient engagement

This chapter focuses on the context in which patients such as those with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are placed and what possibilities information and communication technologies (ICTs) offer to keep them in touch with the world to reach Society 5.0. In particular, the authors intend to show how the healthcare sector can use digital twin (DT) through elements of augmented virtuality (AR) and building information modelling (BIM) to create interactive interfaces that can solve, in part, problems involving frail patients but at the same time allowing their monitoring. Interconnection is possible through a gamification approach. In addition, a solution that considers the user (patient) involvement and that aims at its increase through interaction with alternative places to their home so as to stimulate them to keep an active mind and the degree of fun in a limiting condition is proposed

Il ruolo delle tecnologie digitali per la rappresentazione progettuale/ The role of digital technologies for design representation

Negli ultimi anni si assiste ad processo di innovazione dell’industria delle costruzioni basato sulla digitalizzazione delle informazioni utili per descrivere in modo affidabile il patrimonio immobiliare esistente. È emersa quindi la necessità di adottare un nuovo linguaggio grafico basato sulla modellazione informativa che riesce a sintetizzare le caratteristiche grafiche e quelle alfanumeriche di un certo manufatto. Il contributo si concentra sull’analisi di aspetti che hanno caratterizzato l’idea di rappresentazione nel passato, proponendo la modellazione informativa come naturale rinnovamento della rappresentazione progettuale attraverso le tecnologie digitali./ In recent years, construction industry is crossing a phase of innovation based on the digitization of useful information to describe in a reliable way the existing architectural heritage. Therefore, the need to adopt a new graphic language based on information modeling arose in this sector to synthesize graphic and alphanumeric characteristics of a certain product. This contribution focuses on the analysis of aspects that characterized the idea of representation in the past, proposing information modeling as a natural renewal of design representation through digital technologies

Interactive Information Models and Augmented Reality in the Digital Age

The construction industry in the digital era has seen significant changes in design, construction, and spatial process learning through new technological systems. These processes influence management and how data is collected, cataloged, and monitored using sensors and connected users. The real challenge that the digital era imposes on the society of the future is to define new secure and resilient digital models coupled with interoperable methods that minimize the impacts of our built heritage throughout its lifecycle. For these reasons, new models are being investigated to educate, gain detailed knowledge of places, design inclusive spaces that meet users’ needs and finally manage and maintain the built heritage. New technologies of Augmented and Virtual Reality support principals and users to define stable and interoperable relational processes. Although the challenge is ambitious, it is essential to find efficient solutions in governance policies for the city’s futur

Does sport innovation create value? The case of professional football clubs

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Approccio algoritmico per l’applicazione degli standard grafici in ambiente BIM | Algorithmic Approach for the Application of Graphic Standards in the BIM Environment

In the era of digital connection, the construction industry is crossing a transition that involves numerous aspects, related, among others, to the representation of the building artifact. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the construction process stimulate the adoption of innovative methods and tools aimed at communicating the design idea, shifting the focus from the digital drafting machine to the information model. The adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM) is triggering a radical inversion of perspective, such that the development of a parametric 3D model allows the generation of a series of coordinated drawings, avoiding information redundancy and consequent inconsistencies. Traditionally, the production of design content takes advantage of standards and graphic conventions, inherited from information modeling tools. The contribution aims to develop a critical approach on the current capabilities of collaborative BIM models to produce such documents, as part of the construction process. This study is part of a broad field of research focused on optimizing the building process by improving the connection between tradition and innovation in the science of representation